Philosophy of Mathematics and Philosophy of History

نویسندگان

  • EMILY R. GROSHOLZ
  • Andrew Wiles
چکیده

mathematical and one philosophical. In the first, Socrates leads the slave boy to correct, refine, and extend his intuition of a pair of geometrical diagrams by examining his presuppositions in the light of certain background knowledge (about arithmetic), as they solve a problem together. In the second, Socrates leads Meno to correct, refine, and extend his intuition about virtue as well as about method by examining his presuppositions in the light of certain background knowledge, as they engage in philosophical dialectic together. In both cases, an intelligible unity is apprehended, but imperfectly, and analysis leads to increased understanding via a search for the conditions of intelligibility. The form of dramatic dialogue expresses something essential to the process of analysis, for the dialogue may be read both as a set of arguments (in all of which reductio ad absurdum plays a pivotal role) which uncover the logical presuppositions of various claims, but it may also be read as a narrative, a process in time and history. A narrative, as Aristotle tells us in the Poetics, has a beginning, middle, and end. The beginning introduces us to characters who act in a certain situation, one or a few of which have a special claim on our empathy and interest; the middle introduces one or more surprising contingencies or reversals, and the skill of the storyteller lies in maintaining the continuity of the story not in spite of but by means of those discontinuities, deepening our understanding of the characters and their actions; and the end draws us along throughout the tale: how will events ultimately turn out for these characters? By contrast, an argument has the structure of a series of premises that support, in more or less materially and formally successful ways, a conclusion. The priority of premisses with respect to conclusion is logical, not temporal or historical; an argument has no beginning or end, no before and after. The logician takes the cogency of an argument to hold atemporally: if such and such is the case, then such and such must follow, universally and necessarily. Pragmatic or rhetorical considerations may superimpose an historical dimension on the argument, but that is not the concern of the logician. EMILY R. GROSHOLZ *

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

A native proposal for the philosophy of history

Though philosophy of history like other fields of knowledge has its roots in eastern traditional knowledge, as an epistemological branch it appeared in West and then entered in East. Present states of knowledge in Islamic Iran, particularly with regard to the necessities and grounds of change in humanities, have prepared an opportunity to present a proposal in the field of philosophy of history...

متن کامل

A Hegelian Reading of the Philosophy of Iranian Mythological History in Firdowsi\'s Shahnameh, Focusing on the concepts of "Gods and Servants"

Firdowsi's Shahnameh, the poetic mythological epic of Iran, is created on the base of opposite forces of the world, namely Iran and Aniran and the battles of their people, because the design of the mythological history of Iran is also basically created on the intercourse of opposites .One of the most comprehensive philosophical views on history is  Friedrich Hegel's attitude. In this view, the ...

متن کامل

Two Attitudes toward Art History: A Comparative Study of Philosophy of Art History of Qādī Ahmad Qomi and Giorgio Vasari in “Golestān-e Honar” and “Lives f the Artists”

Up to now, about the first art history as we know today, i.e "Golestān-e Honar" by Qādī Mir Ahmad Qomi and "Lives of the Artists" by Giorgio Vasari, different researches and studies from different aspects of bibliographical, historical and literary has been done. But what has been neglected is a broader and deeper view into the epistemic foundation and theoretical frame of historiography and vi...

متن کامل

The Place of Philosophy of Islam in the History of Knowledge and its Role Today in the Modern World Falsafa-e-Islam

The present crisis of the Muslim world is not entirely due to external forces but also what is internal within the common understanding of Islam. Internally, it is not only theological or religious but essentially philosophical. While the West denies Islam its place within mainstream philosophical system, there has not been adequate attention paid to this by the Islamic scho...

متن کامل

An Analysis of Dialogism in Mikhail Bakhtin’s Thought: Convergence of Philosophy and Methodology

 Undoubtedly, the twentieth century can be regarded as one of the richest periods of the history of philosophy and thought which globalized this tradition, generally, because of the spread of mass media and even the published books, and joined all vast and narrow streams, here and there, together and at their Juncture a big sea is formed which is the most important gain of the century. One of t...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2014